Harun sent various presents with the emissaries on their return to Charlemagne's court, including a clock that Charlemagne and his retinue deemed to be a conjuration because of the sounds it emanated and the tricks it displayed every time an hour ticked.

In 796, he moved his court and government to Raqqa in present-day Syria.Ī Frankish mission came to offer Harun friendship in 799. During his rule, the family of Barmakids, which played a deciding role in establishing the Abbasid Caliphate, declined gradually. Harun established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ('House of Wisdom') in Baghdad in present-day Iraq, and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a world center of knowledge, culture and trade. He ruled from 786 to 809, traditionally regarded to be the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age. His epithet 'al-Rashid' translates to 'the Orthodox', 'the Just', 'the Upright', or 'the Rightly-Guided'. His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. Harun al-Rashid ( / h ɑː ˈ r uː n ɑː l r ɑː ˈ ʃ iː d/ Arabic: هَارُون الرَشِيد Hārūn Ar-Rašīd, 'Aaron the Just' or 'Aaron the Rightly-Guided' 17 March 763 or February 766 – 24 March 809 CE / 148–193 AH) was the fifth Abbasid Caliph.

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